How to calculate a paver base
The base under pavers is compacted crushed stone, and it is the layer that keeps a patio flat for years.
- Measure the full paver area plus an extra 6 inches on each side.
- Use 4 inches of base for patios and 6 to 8 inches for driveways.
- Calculate the sand layer separately, about 1 inch.
- Add 10 to 15 percent for compaction.
Worked example
For a typical paver base with length 12 ft, width 12 ft, depth 4 in, the volume is 48.00 cubic feet. Divide by 27 for 1.78 cubic yards. With a 10 percent allowance, plan for 1.96 cubic yards.
In crushed stone, 1.78 cubic yards weighs about 2.40 US tons at a planning value of 2,700 pounds per cubic yard.
Paver Base sizes and quantities
These common sizes are calculated with the same formula as the tool above, so you can find your number quickly.
| Size | Cubic feet | Cubic yards | With 10 percent extra | US tons |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 by 10 ft, 4 in | 33.33 | 1.23 | 1.36 | 1.67 |
| 12 by 12 ft, 4 in | 48.00 | 1.78 | 1.96 | 2.40 |
| 16 by 20 ft, 6 in | 160.00 | 5.93 | 6.52 | 8.00 |
| 20 by 30 ft, 6 in | 300.00 | 11.11 | 12.22 | 15.00 |
Tips
- Compact the base in lifts of no more than 4 inches.
- Use the paver sand calculator for the bedding layer.
- Edge restraint keeps the pavers from drifting.
Common mistakes to avoid
- Skipping compaction between lifts.
- Using rounded gravel in place of crushed stone.
- Making the base too thin for the traffic.
These figures are planning estimates. Real material varies in moisture, size, and compaction, so confirm weights and order quantities with your supplier.
Frequently asked questions
How many cubic yards do I need for a paver base?
Multiply the dimensions in feet and divide by 27. The example above, length 12 ft, width 12 ft, depth 4 in, needs 1.78 cubic yards before waste.
How much extra should I order?
Add 5 to 10 percent for waste. Add more if the ground is uneven or the material is loose.
Can I enter inches and feet together?
Yes. Each box has its own unit selector, so you can mix feet and inches.
How much does paver base material weigh?
1.78 cubic yards of crushed stone weighs about 2.40 US tons as a planning value.